Venlafaxine Drugs Research Paper - 275 Words

Venlafaxine Drugs (Research Paper Sample) Content: Venlafaxine DrugsStudentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameLearning InstitutionAssignment 1Evaluation of Venlafaxine DrugsPre-clinical TestingDuring pre-clinical testing feasibility, iterative testing, and drug safety data is collected (Pre-Clinical Testing, 2014). Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, toxicity testing by use of animal testing will be done on Venlafaxine drugs. The pre-clinical testing will give information on the safe dose of Venlafaxine drugs to be administered to depressed patients.Clinical TestingDuring phase one trial of clinical testing, the safety of Venlafaxine drugs will be tested. Few healthy volunteers will be given the drug and its side effects tested. The right dose for treatment will also be determined. To minimize the risk of harm, volunteers will take smaller doses at the beginning. During phase two of the clinical testing, venlafaxine drugs will be given to depressed patients to get information on the short-term effects.Phase three will last for one or m ore years where venlafaxine drugs will be administered to thousands of depressed patients. A comparison will be done with existing treatment to determine whether it is better and if venlafaxine drugs have important side effects. During the fourth and final phase that takes place once venlafaxine drugs have passed the first three steps, venlafaxine drugs will be given a marketing licence. Now the drugs will be available for prescription.RegistrationRegistration of the drug for sale is done according to the regulations Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDA Act). The Act requires that firms that manufactures and process drugs register with FDA. Thus, before releasing venlafaxine for sale, it will be registered with FDA.Assignment 3Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of Venlafaxine Drugs with Alternative antidepressants in the Treatment of DepressionSection 1The group carried out a comparative research on the effectiveness of venlafaxine drugs with alternative antidepressants in the treatment of depressed patients. Each group member was assigned individual task of comparing the effectiveness of venlafaxine with any of the alternative antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and later a compilation of the finding and conclusions was done. In the presentation, I undertook the part of market researcher where I conducted a study on the effectiveness of venlafaxine with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors among different depressed patients. After all members have done their studies, the group compiled the findings and concluded that venlafaxine drugs are more efficient in the treatment of depression compared with other antidepressants.Section 2IntroductionI conducted a comparative research on the effectiveness of venlafaxine drugs and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). A research that was conducted by Paris (2010) indicates that although new antidepressants with greater tolerab ility and safety benefits have replaced older tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), their efficacy is still low. Research indicates that antidepressants with dual-action of inhibiting reuptake noradrenalin and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) are more effective than those using single monoamine notably selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Venlafaxine has both noradrenalin and 5-HT reuptake thus more effective in the treatment of depression. The researcher carried out a systematic review of venlafaxine efficacy and tolerability compared with an alternative antidepressant.MethodThe researcher carried out trials using existing database and systematic searches of the electronic databases. A total of 1273 trials were identified. If trails were double-blind or randomized comparing the effectiveness venlafaxine with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors they were included. Data was abstracted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of each study, dose, and regimen of the venlafaxine, a number of patients, form of analysis, reported clinical outcomes, and length of follow-up of the participants.Clinical outcomeMean severity of depression measure done by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Remission and response rates outcomes were also measured. Tolerability data was abstracted by indicating all cause withdrawals from the treatment groups in addition to the attributed reason of withdrawal from the therapy.Statistical AnalysisIn order to determine the effectiveness, pooled standardized difference in the mean treatment effect was determined. Remission and response rates were also computed.ResultsBased on the pooling data, venlafaxine has an advantage of 1.2 HRSD points over selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). This indicates that venlafaxine is more efficient in inhibiting 5-HT and noradrenalin reuptake compared to SSRIs.Si... Venlafaxine Drugs Research Paper - 275 Words Venlafaxine Drugs (Research Paper Sample) Content: Venlafaxine DrugsStudentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameLearning InstitutionAssignment 1Evaluation of Venlafaxine DrugsPre-clinical TestingDuring pre-clinical testing feasibility, iterative testing, and drug safety data is collected (Pre-Clinical Testing, 2014). Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, toxicity testing by use of animal testing will be done on Venlafaxine drugs. The pre-clinical testing will give information on the safe dose of Venlafaxine drugs to be administered to depressed patients.Clinical TestingDuring phase one trial of clinical testing, the safety of Venlafaxine drugs will be tested. Few healthy volunteers will be given the drug and its side effects tested. The right dose for treatment will also be determined. To minimize the risk of harm, volunteers will take smaller doses at the beginning. During phase two of the clinical testing, venlafaxine drugs will be given to depressed patients to get information on the short-term effects.Phase three will last for one or m ore years where venlafaxine drugs will be administered to thousands of depressed patients. A comparison will be done with existing treatment to determine whether it is better and if venlafaxine drugs have important side effects. During the fourth and final phase that takes place once venlafaxine drugs have passed the first three steps, venlafaxine drugs will be given a marketing licence. Now the drugs will be available for prescription.RegistrationRegistration of the drug for sale is done according to the regulations Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDA Act). The Act requires that firms that manufactures and process drugs register with FDA. Thus, before releasing venlafaxine for sale, it will be registered with FDA.Assignment 3Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of Venlafaxine Drugs with Alternative antidepressants in the Treatment of DepressionSection 1The group carried out a comparative research on the effectiveness of venlafaxine drugs with alternative antidepressants in the treatment of depressed patients. Each group member was assigned individual task of comparing the effectiveness of venlafaxine with any of the alternative antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and later a compilation of the finding and conclusions was done. In the presentation, I undertook the part of market researcher where I conducted a study on the effectiveness of venlafaxine with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors among different depressed patients. After all members have done their studies, the group compiled the findings and concluded that venlafaxine drugs are more efficient in the treatment of depression compared with other antidepressants.Section 2IntroductionI conducted a comparative research on the effectiveness of venlafaxine drugs and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). A research that was conducted by Paris (2010) indicates that although new antidepressants with greater tolerab ility and safety benefits have replaced older tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), their efficacy is still low. Research indicates that antidepressants with dual-action of inhibiting reuptake noradrenalin and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) are more effective than those using single monoamine notably selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Venlafaxine has both noradrenalin and 5-HT reuptake thus more effective in the treatment of depression. The researcher carried out a systematic review of venlafaxine efficacy and tolerability compared with an alternative antidepressant.MethodThe researcher carried out trials using existing database and systematic searches of the electronic databases. A total of 1273 trials were identified. If trails were double-blind or randomized comparing the effectiveness venlafaxine with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors they were included. Data was abstracted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of each study, dose, and regimen of the venlafaxine, a number of patients, form of analysis, reported clinical outcomes, and length of follow-up of the participants.Clinical outcomeMean severity of depression measure done by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Remission and response rates outcomes were also measured. Tolerability data was abstracted by indicating all cause withdrawals from the treatment groups in addition to the attributed reason of withdrawal from the therapy.Statistical AnalysisIn order to determine the effectiveness, pooled standardized difference in the mean treatment effect was determined. Remission and response rates were also computed.ResultsBased on the pooling data, venlafaxine has an advantage of 1.2 HRSD points over selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). This indicates that venlafaxine is more efficient in inhibiting 5-HT and noradrenalin reuptake compared to SSRIs.Si...

The products created by sony vaio - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4277 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Sony VAIO Sony computer products, a sub-brand.  Its name is an acronym for Video Audio Integrated Operation, but since 2008 it has been revised to view Audio Intelligence Organiser brand to celebrate its 10th year anniversary.  Idea was developed by Timothy Hanley items that use audio and video to PCs as well as functional as a way of distinction. Computer market, Sonys re-entry VAIO PCV desktop under the brand with the launch of the new line was in 1996.  Now you notebook, laptop, desktop, media center and notebooks VAIO logo adorning the famous can. The Sony VAIO series are built for entertainment whether listening to music on technology Dolby Sound Room or watching Blue- ray Disc on screen. Environmentally friendly and often with great innovations like solid state drives VAIO is the best PC for people who wish to get their own personal entertainment system out of their laptop or desktop. If you are thinking of switching home  b roadband  supplier, one company stands out by far: O2. According to the biggest independent survey of suppliers the 2010 Broadband Customer Satisfaction Report fromuSwitch.com   it takes the top spot for the second year running, winning 10 out of 11 categories. Its part of the Spanish telecommunication giant Telefà ³nica, O2 offers fast home broadband to customers throughout the UK. O2  is part of the Telefà ³nica Europe group. It was formed in 2001 following the demerger of  BT  from its former mobile phone business, BT Wireless. After five years as an independent company, it was bought by the Spanish giant Telefà ³nica for  £17.7 billion in the biggest all-cash takeover in the history of the telecommunications industry. O2 currently has over 43 million customers in Europe, including 18.4 million in the UK. In 2007, O2 entered the home broadband market with the purchase of Be Unlimited, a small DSL start up company. It now offers three home broadband packages and a range of business services. In this fast moving world, laptops and internet are one major source of information. Using laptops we can actually kill fewer trees helping to reduce environmental damage. Laptops can be extended if incorporate it with internet as they can reach the other side of the world with no time. With the economy the way it is. Computerised learning is the most efficient most organised and fastest way of learning possible. With technology becoming cheaper and cheaper, there is no excuse for taking advantage of the tools that it provides. In todays intensively competitive, dynamic and highly complex business environment featured by reduced customer loyalty the need to be focused and customer oriented market is more critical than any other time in the past. It is very vital for any organisation to maintain and use valuable information about their customers to enhance their business strategies and product and service givings. In this rep ort below our discussion is about the reach of Laptops and internet in this rapidly changing world. Operations Management is a transforming process turning resources (inputs) into goods and services (output). The key is efficient management. Operations Management Goods Services Customer/Employee Satisfaction Information Finance People Materials Machinery OUTPUT PROCESS INPUT Types of operations SONY CORPORATION At Sony operations processes used are Job Method, Batch Method and Flow Methods which are described below Job method The complete task in handled by a group of workers. Job involved is of low technology as well as complex in nature. The definitions of objectives are clear and simple like how should the job progress, its stages, decision making process. Batch Method As the production volume increases Batch Method is very useful in order to organise the production facility. It helps the process more focused on s kills and achieve high equipment utilisation. By using this method the organisation actually specialises in labour. The capital expenditure is kept low with a careful planning in order to keep the production equipment active. O2 BROADBAND SERVICES Flow methods are used in order to provide services at O2. These are similar to batch method only the batch queuing, idle production is eliminated. It is actually a method of production organisation where the task is worked on continuously or where the processing of material is continuous and progressive. Because of flow methods the work and service flow is improved, the need for skilled labour is reduced moreover there is an added value to the services and the work is completed faster. COMPETITIVE PRIORITIES In 1984 Hayes and Wheelwright suggested that companies compete in the marketplace by good quality of one or more of the following competitive priorities Quality Lead time Cost Flexibility Quality Importanc e VAIO Manufacturing functions have often been depicted as possessing different definitions of quality. Such views are clarified at VAIO by an eight dimensional framework such as Performance, features, reliability, conformance, durability, serviceability, aesthetics, and perceived quality. At Sony Manufacturings traditional observance of quality control reflects a focus on the conformance dimension of quality. Each of the other dimensions also represents possible bases of competition, but these other dimensions require extra interfunctional coordination among manufacturing, marketing, research and development than does achieving conformance quality. The importance to respond on the first six quality dimension can be addressed however the last two dimensions are inherently difficult to measure and are more removed from the knowledge base of responding manufacturing executives. O2 O2s network covers 80% of the UK with a top speed of up to 3.6Mb. however, a number of facto rs can affect this speed. There are a number of factors that can influence the quality of the network connection, and therefore the speed. The closer to a mobile phone mast the better the connection is likely to be. Also the more people online at the same time there will be more congestion there will be on the network which will slow down. Dimensions of quality: Performance primary operating features Features optional extras Reliability Likelihood of breakdown Conformance Conformance to specialisation Technical durability length of time before the product or service becomes obsolete Serviceability ease of service Aesthetics look, smell, feel, taste Perceived quality reputation Value for money Delivery time importance On time delivery is the ability to deliver on time contracts.  This is a business unit may not have at least the high cost or product quality.  But will compete on the basis of delivering reliable products on th e date the contract even if the contract is far in the future.  Some confidence to deliver customer is not enough;  Speed ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹of delivery is also a necessity to win orders.  Key informant survey items that measure respondents in each location, these categories of delivery time. VAIO The delivery usally takes two or three weeks to reach to the customers place. Laptops are configured in japan and shipped from china. Dimensions of time: Manufacturing Lead time Due date performance Rate of product introduction Delivery lead time Frequency of delivery Cost importance Although all manufacturers are concerned to some degree with cost, most do not compete solely or even primarily on this basis. Manufacturing cost-related categories include (direct) production costs, productivity, capacity utilization, and inventory reduction. Individual survey items measure the importa nce that respondents place on each of these cost categories. VAIO At sony, new innovation are regular in order to reduce the cost such as labour cost, environmental cost, financial cost.etc. finally Sony is still in a critical condition where they need to be extra caution about all the potential crisis that the organisation may face in the future. O2 They aims to deliver high quality, reliable products, memorable services and more over value for money. The value and price are high among the consumers when they choose a internet service provider. Increasingly todays consumer is also willing to switch service provider because of cost. O2 has already began several new priced based loyalty schemes to help reduce the mix including O2 treaTs in UK. Dimensions of Price and Cost: Manufacturing cost Value added Selling price Running cost cost of keeping the product running Service cost cost of servicing the product Profit Flexibility importance Fle xibility is essential. In a conceptual study the dimensions of flexibility is been developed. Individual research sites to measure the importance of the dimensions of the flexibility i.e. product mix, volume, turnover and change. O2 At O2 they respond quickly to the needs of business. It is driven by consumers insight. They know the true value of their customers and focus on providing them with services. During the period of global economic crisis their customers needed flexibility with the contract and controlling such cost was a paramount. But in month of march they responded with three flexible options to manage their customers requirements in line with the changing fortunes of your business. VAIO Sony has always had the capability to be flexible in order to meets the needs of their customers. recently to help with the VAT increases Sony came out with VAT refund scheme further it also maintained the same VAT rate for its customers in the beginning of the new year. Dimensions of flexibility: Material quality ability to cope with incoming materials of varying quality Output quality ability to satisfy demand for products of varying quality New product ability to cope with the introduction of new products Modification ability to modify existing products Deliverability ability to change delivery schedules Volume ability to accept varying demand volumes Product mix ability to cope with changes in the product mix Resource mix ability to cope with changes in the resource mix MARKET STRATEGY The marketing concept of building an organisation around the profitable satisfaction of customer needs has helped firms to achieve success in high growth, moderately competitive markets. However, to be successful in markets in which economic growth has levelled and in which there exist many competitors who follow the marketing concept a well developed marketing strategy is required. Such a strategy considers a portfolio of p roducts and takes into account the anticipated moves of competitors in the market. Diversification Diversification is a form of corporate strategy for a company. It seeks to increase profitability through greater sales volume obtained from new products and new markets. Diversification can occur either at the business unit level or at the corporate level. At the business unit level, it is most likely to expand into a new segment of an industry that the business is already in. at the corporate level it is generally very interesting entering a promising business outside of the scope of the existing business unit. Diversification is part of the four main growth strategies defined by the Product/Market Ansoff Matrix: Market Penetration Diversification Market Strategy Market development Product development Diversification strategy stands apart from the rest of the three strategies. The first three strategies are performed with same technical, financial and merchan dising resources used for original product line. On the other hand diversification generally requires a company to acquire skills, new techniques and new services. The strategies of diversification can include internal development of product or markets acquisition of firm, collaboration with a company, licensing of new technologies. There are three types of diversification strategy such as Concentric diversification a technological similarity between industries, affirm is able to leverage its technical knowhow to gain some advantage, Horizontal diversification here the company adds a new product or service that are often technologically or commercially unrelated to current products but they may appeal to the current customers, Lateral diversification company here markets a new product or service with no technological or commercial similarity with current products but it may appeal to new group of customers. VAIO In the past five years it has diversified into entertainment, software and a host of related and converging fields. The diversification has been successful because Sony has identified all of its new projects with its brand name and reputation for quality: Its core competency in electronics has been at the heart of its successful diversification. Sony Corporation (SNE) and the family of companies associated with its diverse interests are a trans-national electronics and media mega-corporation. O2 O2 came up with its Connect with your people anytime, anywhere. Inspiration can strile anytime anywhere. Whether its for comparing digital cameras or to find a nearby restaurant . consumers increasingly browse and search internet from their phones. With O2 mobile ads one can reach to the fast growing audience and engage customers to buy when they are open Market Penetration Market penetration is a name for a growth strategy where the business concentrates on selling existing products into existing markets. The main objectives at such st rategy are To maintain or accelerate the market share of current products. It is achieved by combination of competitive pricing strategy, advertising, sales promotion and perhaps more resources dedicated to personal selling. To secure dominance of growth markets. To restructure a mature market by driving out competitors. It requires a much more aggressive campaign supported by a pricing strategy. Increase the usage by existing customers by introducing loyalty cards This theory is much about business as normal. The business concentrates on the markets which are known very well. It is likely to have good information on competitors and on the needs of the customer. Market development In this strategy a business sells its existing products into new markets. Possible approach to this strategy includes New geographical markets like exporting the product to a new country, new packaging, new distribution channels, in order to attract customers different pricing polic ies should be implemented or create new market segments. Product development Its a growth strategy where a business concentrates on introducing new products into existing markets. Such strategy requires development of new competencies and requires the business to develop changed products in order to appeal to the existing markets. THEORITICAL PRINCIPLES Capacity Planning Capacity planning is the process of determining the production capacity needed by an organisation in order to meet changing demands for its products. The target of capacity planning is to minimise the discrepancy. Demand for an organisations capacity changes based on changes in production output such as increasing or decreasing the production quantity of a product. Better utilisation of existing capacity can be accomplished through improvements in Overall Equipment Effectiveness. Capacity can be increased through introducing new techniques, equipments and materials etc, Broad classes of capacity pla nning are Lead strategy, Lag strategy and Match strategy. Capacity planning is a long term decision that establishes a firms overall level of resources. Excess capacity can drain companys resources and prevent investments into more profitable ventures. Capacity Planning Techniques There are four procedures for capacity planning: capacity using overall factors, capacity bills, resource profiles and capacity requirements planning. The first three are rough cut approaches involving analysis to identify potential bottlenecks that can be used with or without manufacturing resource planning (MRP) systems. CRP is used in conjunction with MRP systems. INVENTORY MANAGEMENT Inventory management or inventory control is a way to balance inventory needs and requirements with the need to reduce the costs resulting from obtaining and holding inventory. Inventory is a quantity or store of goods that is held for some purpose or use (the term may also be used as a verb, meaning to take inventory or to count all goods held in inventory). In order for a retailer to stay in business, it must have the products that the customer wants on hand when the customer wants them. If not, the retailer will have to back-order the product. If the customer can get the good from some other source, he or she may choose to do so rather than electing to allow the original retailer to meet demand later (through back-order). Hence, in many instances, if a good is not in inventory, a sale is lost forever. Lead time is the time that elapses between the placing of an order (either a purchase order or a production order issued to the shop or the factory floor) and actually receiving the goods ordered. A just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing firm, such as Boeing can maintain extremely low levels of inventory. Boeing takes delivery on as many as 18 times per day. However, steel mills may have a lead time of up to three months. That means that a firm that uses steel produced at the mill must pla ce orders at least three months in advance of their need. In order to keep their operations running in the meantime, on-hand inventory of three months steel requirements would be necessary. Controlling Inventory Firms that carry hundreds or even thousands of different part numbers can be faced with the impossible task of monitoring the inventory levels of each part number. In order to facilitate this, many firms use an ABC approach. ABC analysis is based on Pareto Analysis, also known as the 80/20 rule. The 80/20 comes from Paretos finding that 20 percent of the populace possessed 80 percent of the wealth. From an inventory perspective it can restated thusly: approximately 20 percent of all inventory items represent 80 percent of inventory costs. Therefore, a firm can control 80 percent of its inventory costs by monitoring and controlling 20 percent of its inventory. But, it has to be the correct 20 percent. Fixed order Quantity Model EOQ is an example of the fixed-order -quantity model since the same quantity is ordered every time an order is placed. A firm might also use a fixed-order quantity when it is captive to packaging situations. If you were to walk into an office supply store and ask to buy 22 paper clips, chances are you would walk out with 100 paper clips. You were captive to the packaging requirements of paper clips, i.e., they come 100 to a box and you cannot purchase a partial box. It works the same way for other purchasing situations. A supplier may package their goods in certain quantities so that their customers must buy that quantity or a multiple of that quantity. SUPPLY CHAIN DESIGN Successful supply chain design is about deploying assets in ways that enhance profitability and shareholder value. You need to consider market and sourcing strategies that will generate the best financial performance. You must identify the optimal number of plants, warehouses and distribution centres to maximize long-term profit. It is impo rtant to understand exactly how and where to deploy assets for optimal operational and financial performance. Personnel involved in supply chain design require a tool that considers business objectives, resource constraints and subsequent financial impacts in order to define an optimal supplier-to-customer supply chain structure one that cuts costs and increases profitability. PERFORMANCE MEASURES Performance measurement is a fundamental building block of TQM and a total quality organisation. Historically, organisations have always measured performance in some way through the  ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ nancial performance, be this success by pro ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ t or failure through liquidation. In the cycle of never-ending improvement, performance measurement plays an important role in: Identifying and tracking progress against organisational goals Identifying opportunities for improvement Comparing performance against both internal and external standards Reviewing the p erformance of an organisation is also an important step when formulating the direction of the strategic activities. It is important to know where the strengths and weaknesses of the organisation lie, and as part of the Plan -Do Check Act cycle, measurement plays a key role in quality and productivity improvement activities. The main reasons it is needed are: To ensure customer requirements have been met To be able to set sensible objectives and comply with them To provide standards for establishing comparisons To provide visibility and a scoreboard for people to monitor their own performance level To highlight quality problems and determine areas for priority attention To provide feedback for driving the improvement effort A simple performance measurement framework A good performance measurement framework will focus on the customer and measure the right things. Performance measures must be: Meaningful, unambiguous and widely understood Owned and manag ed by the teams within the organisation Based on a high level of data integrity Such that data collection is embedded within the normal procedures Able to drive improvement Linked to critical goals and key drivers of the organisation There are four key steps in a performance measurement framework the strategic objectives of the organisation are converted into desired standards of performance, metrics are developed to compare the desired performance with the actual achieved standards, gaps are identi ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ed, and improvement actions initiated. These steps are continuously implemented and reviewed: Initiate Improvement Understand Performance Establish Metrics Establish Key Goals Initially, focus on a few key goals that are critical to the success of the organisation or business and ensure they are SMART Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Timely. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM) Total Quality Management (TQM) is an approach that seeks to improve quality and performance which will meet or exceed customer expectations. This can be achieved by integrating all quality-related functions and processes throughout the company. TQM looks at the overall quality measures used by a company including managing quality design and development, quality control and maintenance, quality improvement, and quality assurance. TQM takes into account all quality measures taken at all levels and involving all company employees. TQM can be defined as the management of initiatives and procedures that are aimed at achieving the delivery of quality products and services. A number of key principles can be identified in defining TQM, including: Executive Management Top management should act as the main driver for TQM and create an environment that ensures its success. Training Employees should receive regular training on the methods and concepts of quality. Customer Focus Improvements in quality should improve customer sat isfaction. Decision Making Quality decisions should be made based on measurements. Methodology and Tools Use of appropriate methodology and tools ensures that non-conformances are identified, measured and responded to consistently. Continuous Improvement Companies should continuously work towards improving manufacturing and quality procedures. Company Culture The culture of the company should aim at developing employees ability to work together to improve quality. Employee Involvement Employees should be encouraged to be pro-active in identifying and addressing quality related problems. Impact of conceptual frameworks on Competitiveness Key Issues of the above conceptual mix affecting Competitiveness are Client capability Policies or targets set within departments without taking sufficient account of implement ability or marketplace considerations. Poor communications with suppliers and insufficient engagement with them about departments future intentions Insufficient encouragement of RD and innovation. An uncoordinated approach to government demands on the marketplace. Insufficient attention to the development of an effective supply market. High dependency on key suppliers in the IT sector. Innovation It confirms that TQM considered as a set of practices has a positive impact on the organisations innovativeness. It discovers that not all TQM practices enhance organisation innovativeness. Only leadership and people management, process and strategic management, and open organization showed a positive impact on the firms innovation performance.   TQM has contributed in clarifying the disputed relationship between Management practices and the firms innovativeness, and shows empirical evidence in the organisation to confirm that the TQM practice set deployed has a positive impact on its innovation performance. Sustainability Sustainability is a rising priority for companies as investors, custo mers, government bodies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), management, employees and other stakeholders all try to understand the social and environmental implications of the companys financial and operational decisions. For the 2011 New Year, many individuals and organizations have resolved to become more green right?  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Well, one of the more interesting uses of Enterprise Performance Management (EPM) and Business Intelligence (BI) technologies seen recently is in the support of sustainability reporting and management.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Also known as the triple bottom line, sustainability reporting is the reporting of environmental, social and economic metrics to key stakeholders; including customers, partners, employees, community members and investors.  Whatever approach you decide to take, organizations can derive strategic advantage by embracing sustainability as part of the business and disclosing the details of their sustainability efforts to exter nal stakeholders. The benefits include cost savings by limiting waste and consumption of natural resources,  enhanced brand value and reputation with customers and partners, better risk management, the ability to attract capital from green investors, and the opportunity to attract better staff by offering a great place to work. Conclusion A business exists because there is a product or service demanded by customers in the market place. Operations Management is concerned with managing all decisions that needs correction of that product. So in Operation management we ask questions like what is the type of process we have to use. how good is that process to deliver the product or service?. How much service we can provide to the customers? And finally how should the operations compete in order to supply the product or service and business strategy of the firm. There is a significant difference in the approach of topic between the expertise and professional? If you look e xactly at the CEO and top management of the organisation what executive and top management see is a need to appreciate that the firm needs to see is the value and relevance of the operation functions within the business. Most executive understands why the business exists how to compete but they do not have a sharp understanding what exactly the operation management does, what it contributes to help in succeeding with competing in the marketplace. So one of the key distinguishes between executive and professionals are that we have a convinced executive as to the value of having a proper operations management. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The products created by sony vaio" essay for you Create order

Culture And Values Of New Zealand Essay - 1548 Words

FORMAL MEETING GUIDE TWO CULTURES This Report is about the multi culture of New Zealand SAHIL KUMAR 14075027b Submitted to ANIKA VATS Assignment no: 11647 Contents INTRODUCTION 3 MAORI CULTURE 3 OTHER CULTURE 3 ABOUT HUI 3 PROCESS OF MEETING 4 AGENDA 4 DATE AND TIME 4 BEHAVIOUR AND FORMAL 4 ROLES 4 PREPARE IN ADVANCE 5 COMMUNICATION SKILL 5 NOTICE OF MEETING 5 REGULATION OF MEETING 5 RECORD OF THE MEETING 5 COUNTDOWN 5 AGENDA 6 PLANNING AND PROCEDURES FOR MEETING 6 GLOSSARY 6 Reference 8 INTRODUCTION The Purpose of this report is to understand the culture and values of New Zealand culture in terms of their living condition, behaviour, society, aspect, ethics, rules, regulations, greetings, treating, food and environment. I will be focusing on the main cultures of New Zealand as it is a multi cultural society. MAORI CULTURE Maoris lifestyle is interesting society of New Zealand. By nature they are welcoming and reverence the other society. They respect the people by shaking handshake and smile or make legitimate acquaintance. They have their own particular routine administration for treating the visitors. On the off chance that they are dealing with a tribal social event they welcomed visitors in no place styles. The customary capacity will continues going 2 or 3 hours. As an issue of first criticalness, they invited visitors in their routine social affair house. Visitors need to oblige them as social affair and talkShow MoreRelatedCultural Values And Cultural Value Orientations1439 Words   |  6 Pagesimmersed in our own culture, it can be challenging to grasp the difference in cultural pattern taxonomies orientations of other cultures. Cultural pattern taxonomies has been defined in the textbook, Communication between Cultures, â€Å"as the dominant beliefs and values of a culture.â €  Cultural value orientation varies among cultures and ultimately affects the way we communicate interpersonally. To better understand the differences as well as the similarities in cultural value orientations, Geert Hofstede’sRead MoreTaking a Look at the Maori Culture620 Words   |  3 Pagesas an elective and was interested in developing my knowledge of Maori culture. I will now discuss the impact of Maori values and concepts as they relate to the study of a specific discipline, marketing. From the well-known All black haka to professional golfer Michael Campbell’s clothing label, Cambo, the culture of Maori and their ‘brand’ are helping New Zealand position itself in an ever-increasing global market. New Zealand government officials first warned Fiat (car manufacturer), whom launchedRead MoreAoteaora New Zealand s Society Essay1608 Words   |  7 Pageshas a massive role in Aoteaora New Zealand’s society and has a massive impact in its history. 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Meanwhile, based on my ethno-cultural identity, my philosophy of nursing would be defined as that caringRead MoreUsing Cultural Theories Analyzing the Main Issue of the New Zealand Office of atT1674 Words   |  7 Pages pp87-88) organizational culture is a common assumption, value or norm system among members of an organization which is based on their behaviors to help organization to achieve the abilities they need to adapt itself to the environment, create uniformity and internal integrity. This essay will analyze the main issue of ATT’s New Zealand office by using the cultural theories and the reflections after the analyz ing. In the case of ATT GIS, ATT’s office in New Zealand by Thomas, David C (2003Read MoreEssay On Zealand Business1101 Words   |  5 PagesNEW ZEALAND BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS INTRODUCTION Understanding cultural variances in the world of business, is extremely crucial in developing valuable relationships in a global market for your company. 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Overall, China ranks as very different from New Zealand in regards to values, beliefs, norms andRead MoreCorporate Co Branding : The Case Of Adidas And The All Blacks1527 Words   |  7 Pagesare not only used to identify and differentiate products. Nowadays, brands identify services, organisations, art, ideas, people, places, etc. Corporate branding is the concept of the marketing efforts undergone to represent a corporation’s system of values; it is the expression of the organisation’s identity. A well-established corporate brand has the ability to create close relationships with stakeholders and can assist the organisation in achieving its goals. Co-branding can be defined as a â€Å"formRead MoreHai Di Lao Case Study1703 Words   |  7 PagesHRM strategy and then evaluate the lessons that New Zealand organisations can gain from an analysis of this case study. Within this evaluation, this essay will address the role of HRM strategy in creating competitive advantage and the applicability of such strategy to New Zealand firms. Ultimately, this essay argues that the case study of Hai Di Lao provides valuable insight as to how to achieve resource-based competitive advantage however New Zealand organisations ought to exercise caution in seekingRead MoreEducation Is Important For A Nation s Most Populous City With A Wide Demographic Of Multicultural Individuals Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pagesperception and engagement with Waitangi Day. Within the wider context of New Zealand, Auckland is the nation’s most populous city with a wide demographic of multicultural individuals. With significant external immigration to the city, future growth is to be expected. Therefore, it is important for the topic of Waitangi education to be investigated, to ensure that systems are put in place for future pupils that will go through the New Zealand schooling system, to ensure that they are accurately taught about

Gladiator Movie Essay - 1603 Words

Jeannie Hardy PHO 184B Professor Smith September 7, 2102 Chapter 1 Essay The film Gladiator is not only known for Russell Crowe’s Academy award winning performance, but it is also known for it’s camerawork and cinematography. This film has a considerable amount of blatant formalism, which director Ridley Scott uses to portray Maximus’ message. Camera angles are commonly used to distinguish power in a scene, most of the time by using low-angle or high-angle shot. These types of angels are seen throughout the film. A main part of cinematography is color symbolism seen throughout Gladiator. Another key component of camerawork used by director Ridley Scott are the various types of shots he use. In the text Understanding Movie by†¦show more content†¦It shows the exchange and domineering power Commodus has. (Chapter 21, 07:07) Commodus and the senator are talking about how they have lost favor to Maximus. Maximus has the love of the people and the setting in this dark room and display of angles shows Commodus in a menacing light. He looks powerful and scary as he talks about letting his enemies come to him. (Chapter 25, 00:13) The scene begins with an eerie close up camera angle of Commodus talking in a menacing voice about his sisters’ betrayal. The low-key lighting as he walks over to her, speaking of the punishment he plans for her, helps set the tone. She appears in the scene in a high angled shot, and she looks simply destroyed. Commodus from that point on is shot in a low angle to emphasis his power over her. (Chapter 3, 0:52) In the text Understanding Movie by author Louis Giannetti stats, â€Å"Color tends to be a subconscious element if film (Giannetti, 2011, pg. 22).† A dark carriage with dull color trends all except his sister’s fur this is not low-key lighting, which creates the grim atmosphere. Commodus is talking about his father’s death he moves closer to his sister where half his face is in light and the other is shadow. It makes him seem tore in way now yet knowing if he is a good character or our protagonist. (Chapter 4, 2:17) In this scene Commodus and Maximus areShow MoreRelatedEssay on Gladiator - The Movie1131 Words   |  5 Pages The main character of the movie ‘Gladiator’ is a poor teenager Tommy Railey. Tommy, a newcomer to a tough Chicago inner city high school, becomes a boxer to pay off his fathers gambling debts. At first he works in a dinner to earn money. Later he decides to fight for money so that he can pay off his father quickly. Although boxing is a dangerous sport, fighting helps keep him off the streets and out of violent gangs. It is also a way for Tommy to earn money, sublimate anger towards his absent fatherRead MoreEssay on Movie Review of Gladiator the Movie803 Words   |  4 PagesTITLE: GLADIATOR PLOT: The story is about Maximus, one of the leading generals in the Roman army. He led the Romans to victory in a decisive battle with the Barbarians that ended a long war between them. This victory helped him gain trust and favour from the old Emperor Marcus Aurelius, which is now old and near his end. Emperor Aurelius wishes to appoint Maximus as the temporary leader of Rome, even though he has a son, Commodus. Commodus, being told by his father that he would not be the appointedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Hunger Games 1250 Words   |  5 PagesHowever, Roman impacts on our modern society is not only within the conceptions of social systems, but in the aspect of culture. A great number of movies, TV episodes, novels and video games about Ancient Rome are created nowadays. The series of movie called Hunger Games is transcribed from the novels called Hunger Games written by Suzanne Collins, it’s mainly about the story of Katniss Everdeen who fought in the arena of the 74th and 75th Hunger Game in the nation of Panem and later became theRead MoreIs the Movie Twelve Years a Slave a Good Movie of Its Genre? Essay1273 Words   |  6 Pagesmovies, he/she expects any movie that goes under the category of action to be violent with the movie hero to be victorious and the movie villain to be defeated. Besides, if one is watching any comedy movie, he/she is expecting the movie to have a satisfying ending, as a matter of fact, it would be adequate to say that it will have a happy ending for the audience and most movie characters. This essay will focus on the slavery drama movie Twelve Years a Slave to show how this movie gives the audience theRead MoreClassical Influences On Modern Films And Literature1171 Words   |  5 Pagesoften portrayed in popular m edia, this essay attempts to illustrate how the representation of classical Greece and Rome in books and movies influence our lives and emphasize the need to stay informed as these influences can be both beneficial and detrimental to our perception of the world. The way ancient culture can impact our ideals is demonstrated by various contemporary adaptations of Greek mythology. For instance, in 1997, Walt Disney produced the animated movie Hercules, based on stories about theRead MoreAncient Greece And Rome Vs. Rome1179 Words   |  5 Pagesoften portrayed in popular media, this essay attempts to illustrate how the representation of ancient Greece and Rome in books and movies influence our lives and emphasize the need to stay informed as these influences can be both beneficial and detrimental to our perception of the world. The way ancient culture can impact our ideals is demonstrated by various contemporary adaptations of Greek mythology. For instance, in 1997, Walt Disney produced the animated movie Hercules, based on stories about theRead MoreComparing Film Trailers of Mission Impossible Two and Gladiator1426 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Film Trailers of Mission Impossible Two and Gladiator In the essay I will compare and analyse the two film trailers I have been studying, ‘Mission Impossible 2’ and ‘Gladiator’. I will analyse and compare the different techniques used. These techniques are; Use of characters, lighting and colour, camera shots and angles, sound and music and editing and framing. In doing this I will be able to show how effective each trailer is in attracting an audience. FilmRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement And Mccarthyism1862 Words   |  8 Pagesfilms of the 50s and 60s were utilized to characterize protagonists opposing tyrannical Roman antagonists; the role of Christians and the polarity in the films becomes less explicit to fit historical accuracy and changing contemporary politics. This essay will analyze the general role of Christians and their gradually subdued explicit presence through time in the movies, Quo Vadis (Zimbalist 1951), Ben-Hur (Zimbalist 1959), Spartacus (Douglas 1960), and The Fall of the Roman Empire (Bronston 1964).Read MoreAnalysing Movies that Have to Do with Marxism, Panopticism and Globalization1693 Words   |  7 Pagescyber-capitalist era. The ideas of importance in this essay are as follows: Marxism, Panopticism, and Globalization. The movies that shall be examined, in relation to the ideas listed above, are as follows: Beijing Bicycle, The Hunger Games, and Fahrenheit 451. Capitalism, the embodiment of the American dream, is the idea of personal property and the pursuit of personal wealth; but, is Capitalism truly what it promises to represent? In taking a look at the movie, Beijing Bicycle, will the darker side of CapitalismRead MoreThe Plague Of Bubonic Plague945 Words   |  4 Pages Essays 3. The bubonic plague was a devastating disease that rapidly swept across Europe. Also known as the Black Death, the plague spread from port to port and started to wipe out entire civilizations. All of Europe was eventually contaminated, with over two-thirds of the population dieing to the infectious disease. 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Analysis Of The Case Friedrichs V. California Teachers...

Shreeya Gad Ms. Courey AP English Language and Composition, Period 4 1 March 2016 Mandatory â€Å"Donations† of Dues â€Å"There is no such thing as freedom of choice unless there is freedom to refuse,† stated David Hume. The case Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association, which just recently began oral hearings the week of January 11th, â€Å"centers on the questions of whether union dues are inherently political—and if they are†¦ whether employees who are not union members can be compelled to pay them† (KQED News). Those in favor of the plaintiff, Rebecca Friedrichs, a teacher from Orange County, believe that employees who are not union members should not have to pay union dues because the CTA cannot require its nonmembers to pay for political causes, seeing as doing so compels them to identify with a public policy cause, a violation of their First Amendment rights. Those against the eradication of union dues for non-union members believe the fees are necessary because the union has a legal duty to represent all teachers at t he bargaining table, even those who are not part of the union; if nonmembers can be represented by the union without paying any fee, there would be a strong incentive to become a â€Å"free rider† and not join the union, leading to a weakened force at the negotiation table. Because this requirement of dues is a direct violation of the Constitution, teachers that aren’t members of the California Teachers Association should not have to support the union and itsShow MoreRelatedThe Violation Of The First Amendment Essay1644 Words   |  7 PagesISSUE: Does having members who opt out of a union continue to pay agency fees violate the First Amendment to the Constitution? Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association 136 S. Ct. 1083, 194 L. Ed. 2d 255 The issue at hand is whether or not it is a violation of the First Amendment to the Constitution to require non-union members to pay agency fees. 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His childhood, described in An Autobiography (1904), reflected the attitudes of a family which was known on both sides to include religious nonconformists, social critics, and rebels. His father, a teacher, had been a Wesleyan, but he separated himself from organized religion as he did from political and social authority. Spencers father and an uncle saw that he received a highly individualized education that emphasized the family traditions of dissentRead MoreHemp Cultivation in China42289 Words   |  170 PagesInternational Hemp Association Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Cultivation in the Tai an District of Shandong Province, Peoples Republic of China Robert C. Clarke Naturetex International B.V. Van Diemenstraat 192 1013 CP Amsterdam The Netherlands Clarke, R.C. 1995. Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Cultivation in the Tai an District of Shandong Province, Peoples Republic of China. Journal of the International Hemp Association 2(2): 57, 60-65. 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Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesby Michael Adas for the American Historical Association TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS PHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) IncludesRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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Managing Remote Employees Free Essays

string(54) " dialoging the difficulties with a client might fail\." After four years with Outlook Marketing Services Inc, Jeff Rappaport, in January 2001,emailed his entire staff at Northbrook, 111, announcing Suzette sexton’s promotion.  It would have been too long a walk for Suzette, no wonder she opted to work from home. She was not at all disturbed as none of her colleague at the twenty-man business stopped by her office to congratulate her, rather the commendations came in great quantities in form of emails-she was embarrassed. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Remote Employees or any similar topic only for you Order Now Rappaport said â€Å"all her hard work was recognized and rewarded†.This in-turn affected him positively. He has been able to overcome the one of the most troublesome work any employer is likely to encounter in the workforce of today-he manage remote employees by simply keeping them excited and engaged with developing a firm. This is a sure task every leader must face for as long as the quest for success remains. The choice of working from home with computer and internet access has become a welcome lifestyle for employees. Increasingly small business owners accommodate this method of work for they tend to benefit a lot when their employees work from the comfort of their homes. The author of Managing Telework:† Strategies for managing the virtual workforce† Jack. M. Nilles (John Wiley and sons, 1998), said ‘productivity increases for most companies with remote workers’. Again, he said ‘the higher the salary, the more the productivity gain’ Their some inner barriers in work –from-home relationship between the two parties- the employer and the employees. These business owners themselves are often the biggest barriers to a productive relationship. A telecommunicating and virtual office consultant, Gil Gordon, in Monmouth Junction, N.J, once said that ‘the hardest thing is learning to manage with your brain instead of your eyeballs’. The most important thing for employees to do is to have aims and meet them, not just work alone. The founder of the twelve employee, Rye Brook, N.Y based Acappella software, David Bromberg, oversees his three programmers who works from home by measuring /checking their ability to complete jobs. Most experienced managers of remote workers have succeeded in making a change and thereby improved the pattern to imitate the existing ones. An online time clock added by Mike Birdsall and his wife Maureen to run their company ; Birdsall InteractiveInc,has helped them to checkmate the on   time the sixteen employees of Oakland,California,web design firm   if they are working from home. What he actually does is – punch in his hour just as if he is in his office. Lack of corresponding ways of measuring productivity in the office makes the employers frequent discovery on productivity for their remote employees futile. On the other hand smaller companies with the remote workers are often more productive for they seems more focused –managers frequently rely on wise looking ideas in giving out and measuring work progress. These are clues that are not evident as one works from the comfort of his or her home. The president of Manufacturing Consultant DKM Inc, Murat Sehidoglu, for instance, assigns projects regularly to his seventeen employees. Most of these employees seldom visit the office in Los Angeles. Sehidoglu admits that lack of face time makes him experience a continual difficulty in making such assignments. He does not even know if the employees understand the job whether they are really willing to continue in it. The ability to assign task to an employee and checkmate him or her progress, is what Gordon calls ‘Hallway Management’. Another way is by asking questions based on the field of job assigned to the employee involved as you come across him/ them at any spot throughout the day. This rather becomes difficult to do when the employee works from home. Employees and manager can be kept coordinated by electronic mailing system. Technology and smart management has tremendously helped in overcoming communication difficulties. To keep tabs on her seven workers scattered throughout the country Louise Guryan, The principal of Media Connection LLC in Seattle, uses the electronic mailing system (email). Sometimes she will deliberately plan an email, which every employee had to copy as they work with one another and at the same time maintaining the customers relation through direct-mail projects. By using regular conference calls Rappaport was able to stay in –touch with her remote employees. This is one vital role the telephone plays in managing remote employees. ‘We have weekly teleconference with everybody and while a project is going on, there are almost daily teleconferences between the people involved’ she says. Remote workers are often difficult to get on phone, not even a prompt email response. Managers new to work-at-home sometimes may have a wrong impression at this and may just conclude, they have gone out for pleasure, whereas these remote workers may be doing something else or even trying to get a project done. So he certainly does not need any distractions! For an employee to be available during a particular hour, there must be a discussion in advance of agreeing to their working from the comfort of their homes, says Nilles. Top employees need not payphone bills for Birdsall always foot it. He believes he can always reach them during business hours for as long as their phones are on. This is discretion and management strategy. It is also worthy of note that nothing discourages clients like when they cannot reach someone. For this reason, Guryan established a single toll-free number that easily connects client with her employees. By screening and forwarding incoming business calls, firms can easily reach an employee’s home. Therefore, balance is required to get in touch with a work-from-home employee. A New York consultant, Caryn Furst, who manage remote workers by training businesses said ‘you have to stay out of people’s way. I don’t respond to every messages going back and forth’. By email a fast progress observation might come in handy. For this Gordon said that for every circumstance, the right form of communication should be selected. On the other hand, dialoging the difficulties with a client might fail. You read "Managing Remote Employees" in category "Essay examples" Somebody working from home cannot be easily made angry. Though quarrels sometimes arises but one need to learn how to detect it from a distance. It is well agreed that an employee cannot do the work of an employer for he know virtually nothing about it. Take for instance an employee calling Bromberg to talk to an intending client about a project- He could not communicate well with the client. In communication with remote workers of today, it is either by phone or email for they are faster than the posted mail. Managers may find opposition if their emails are copied between two parties thereby making a rubbish of the messages. This may cause a lot of unrest if one is not sensitive enough. Quarrels may arise between the remote workers and the office employees. the in-office employees should be addressed properly –letting them know why things are the way they are or it may arouse a high level of resentment. There should be a sensation to the fear among remote employees being sidelined. To this end Rappaport fights the problem and makes sure that his entire employees understood that teleworker are part and parcel of the company. Building on success while working with remote employees requires special training. Again, for this teleworkers not to get stranded later on, a comprehensive policy handbook should be given from inception by the company. By simply detailing what an employee should do, the avenue for confrontation will not occur. Rappaport did it and it worked for him. He ensured that by the 7th of each month, expenses reports are ready.  Every employer should endeavor to train their remote workers whenever any new technology is added to the company’s system. An example of such modern technology is the instant messaging (IM). The office friendliness that remote employees may lack could be increased by the use of IM, if properly introduced. Instant messaging provides an outlet for his programmers, says Bromberg. He also added that ‘it’s a source for our humor’. Even though remote workers chose to work from home sometimes they may feel isolated. to this recognition, Guryan encourages teleworkers to join organizations and socialize.  Employers like Furst and Rappaport deemed it necessary for clients to organize lunches and recreations after off-meetings so that office and remote workers can harmonize with one another-building a team spirit. Looking at the case of this employer called Sehidoglu, it was from the survey he had with the remote staff that gave him the eye-opener that he has not been communicating the vision of the company to his staff properly. He thus opted to spending a part of every eyeball-to-eyeball meeting to relate an up to date running of the business to his remote staff. According to Rappaport; ‘There should never be any surprises’. This is a description that best suit a successful relationship with remote employees. Summary As a remote employee one may hardly be recognized since one is not visibly seen in the office .Sometimes the dirty and difficult job may even be done by that unknown worker. Wise business owners had developed a way in getting these remote workers excited as they in turn work for the company’s growth. With the presence of computer and internet access, most employees have taken a new lifestyle working from home. Some companies benefits if their employee’s works from the comfort of their homes, especially the small business owner’s .They believe that productivity increases wit the remote workers. What mostly attracts them is the salary. According to Nilles ‘the higher the salary, the more the productivity gain. In this challenge of managing remote employees, it can easily be seen that business owners are themselves the obstacle to a productive remote working relationship. Most of them believe in the presence of the workers around them and the activities in the company instead of results. It is how well not how far! Some of them use devices in checkmating the activities with and without the company’s premises- how their employees are faring, whether they are doing their job or not. Anyway, keeping an eye on an employee is not the only reasons managers like having them around. They may also need their idea as in the progress of work. These ideas are missing when an employee works from the comfort of his or her home. Sometimes employers could be very confused not seeing their employees around them what they often do is-assign projects to them. The introduction of email technology can help any smart management overcome these difficulties .It helps in keeping the employer and employees connected. Telephone is another device that has helped a lot in connecting people. With this device a teleconference may be held between the people involved in a project so as to stay in touch –employer and the remote employees. To get a remote worker a discussion prior to the date and hour of schedule should be settled. No wonder most of the managers new to remote work will complain that remote workers are difficult people-you hardly get them when you need them. In fact, balance is needed to communicate with a remote worker. In communicating with a remote employee, one should not rely on only one method. Every employee should endeavor to train their remote staff as regards any new technology introduced in the company’s system. An example is the Instant Messaging (IM). With proper introduction of this IM, an employer may create a friendly relation that remote workers may lack. ‘It is a source for humor’ says Bromberg. Every employer should try to carry their staff along, be it in-office or remote staff. Bibliography These are excerpt from the article written by Sandlund C. Retrieved March 22,2007,From Google search database. Books Used. Managing Telework; ‘Strategies for Managing the virtual workforce’ by Jack M. Nilles (John Wiley Sons; $34.95; 1998). ‘An Organizational guide to telecommuting’ by George. M.Puskurich (American Society for Training Development: $29.95; 1998). Website Organisations. International Telework Association council (http://www.telcoa.org/)-member organization in telework. These are excerpt from the article written by Chris Sandlund. Online Services Schedule online (http://www.scheduleonline.com/) is an online scheduling tool that can help coordinate meeting event between in-office remote staff. How to cite Managing Remote Employees, Essay examples

The Renewable Energy Policies of UK

Questions: 1. Critically examine the framework of the energy policies. 2. Demonstrate the key global challenges and issues facing the world oil and gas industry and the factors affecting the long term prospects Percentage. Answers: Introduction The energy that is collected from the resources that are replenished naturally on the human timescale is termed as the renewable energy. The renewable energy provides the energy in four important areas such as the generation of electricity, the heating and cooling of water and air, the energy services in the rural areas and transportation. Most of the renewable energy comes directly as well as indirectly from the sun. Hence, the solar energy is generally used for heating and lighting the buildings as well as for the generation of electricity (Aghaei and Alizadeh 2013) The organization of the petroleum exporting countries that is OPEC was founded in Baghdad. The organization was mainly formed by signing an agreement with five countries namely The Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Venezuela and Saudi Arabia. The renewable energy resources had continued to grow from the year 2014 against the environment that involves the increase in the consumption of the global energy. As per the reports, the organization of the petroleum exporting countries has the largest oil reserve in the world with the rising resource discoveries (Griffin and Teece 2016). The Renewable Energy Policy in UK The use of the renewable energy needs to be radically increased in UK. The UK has been blessed with a wealth of energy resources. The UK has a target to source 15 percent of the final consumption of energy from the renewable energy under the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED) by the year 2020. An interim target of the year 2013/2014 was exceeded by the UK under RED. As per the recent report, a number of noteworthy changes in the renewable energy policy instruments in the UK will have an impact on the exploitation level (Twidell and Weir 2015). Renewable Heat incentive (RHI) The first Feed-in-Tariff in the world for renewable heat is the RHI that was introduced in the year 2011. It was announced by the government that the RHI scheme would be extended to 2020/21. As a result, the budget is also likely to increase to 1.15 billion by the year 2020/21. As per the reports, small thermal installations will no longer be entitled under the RHI from the year 2017 (Snape et al. 2015). Renewable Obligation (RO) As per the reports, the RO will be closed for new PV projects of 5 MW capacity. The RO scheme will be completely closed for new application by the year 2017 (Bunn and Yusupov 2015). Contract-for-Difference (CFD) The Contract-for-Difference is replacing the RO that is the renewable obligation. The first allocation of the CFD took place in the year 2014. In the year 2015, the further round of CFD was announced to take place by 2020 (Onifade 2016). Feed-in tariffs (FITs) The small-scale renewable electricity installations are supported by the FITs. This in turn leads to the rapid operation of solar PV due to the attractive support tariffs in the latest years. In the present year, the government implemented a tariff cut of 65 percent as the government became aware about the increasing cost of the scheme. The solar PV installation plummeted by 75 percent in the early 2016 as compared to the year 2015 (Jenner et al. 2013). Pestle Analysis to analyze the impact of the Renewable energy policies Political factors: In terms of the macroeconomic situation, Venezuela is among the most vulnerable producers of renewable energy resources. In spite of that, Venezuela has an unexpected endowment of resource that offers major opportunities to the country. Venezuela is looking to add itself to the renewable energy map. As per the report, the low cost energy resources are benefited by Venezuela. This will in turn help UK to become beneficial and establish in the energy resource portfolio. The government in Venezuela conducted the political programs to deal with the reduced resources that PDVSA had on hand in order to invest in new sources of production. The government used the revenues to spend on the social programs. The governments in Venezuela also have sent low cost to associates in the region (Pietrosemoli and Monroy 2013). Economic factors: The demand and supply influences the price of the renewable energy. The demand for fuel is influenced by the variation of the transport activities in Venezuela. With the passing time and investment, Venezuela is becoming a key player in the international energy marketplace. This in turn will lead Venezuela to become the major supplier of energy resources for UK (Scheer 2013). As per the reports, more than 10 companies in the UK visited Venezuela in order to discover the probable alliances in the Renewable energy resources sector. On the other hand, the economy of Venezuela has become more dependent on the export of oil reserves as the prices collapsed. The Renewable Obligation of the UK will encourage Venezuela in terms of the generation of electricity. Social factors: Highly expanded large and medium companies in areas characterize the oil and gas industry in UK. However, Venezuela has the largest established reserves of crude oil in the world. The renewable energy policies will prove to be beneficial for both UK and Venezuela. The social factor determines that the need for energy resources in Venezuela is the enviable form of the energy production. Although, Venezuela is rich in the energy resources however, they have little awareness about the sustainability issues (Mansilla 2016). Technological factors: Venezuela is making the use of the offshore technology to reinforce the relationship with the UK. The relationship will help to provide support for PDVSAs plan of production. Both the UK and Venezuela had several meetings between them in order to explore the business opportunities and to reinforce the business links. This in turn will help the UK companies to expand into Venezuela. The refining and the retail arm had begun to sell the subsidized heating oil to the disadvantaged communities in the UK. PDVSA will also help the UK to receive the oil reserves at a reasonable price (Cocco and Ernandez 2014). Environmental factors: As reported, Venezuela has faced large oil pollution. The environment in Venezuela has been affected by the pollution. Importing the renewable sources from UK suits the environment in Venezuela that is based on the Renewable Heat incentive (RHI). The renewable energy project in Venezuela can be described in terms of the potential impact on the environment. The intensity of the impact of the environment varies depending on the precise technology that is used. The environmental impacts in both the UK and Venezuela are associated with producing power from renewable sources such as geothermal, biomass and hydropower. Venezuela is also known to provide hydropower that accounts for more than 66 percent in the world. As a result, the UK can be benefited from the use of the hydropower. Legal factors: The structure of the national energy that mostly outlines the issues related to price and the demand are dealt by the legal factors. In this case, the Feed-in tariffs renewable energy are best suited policies due to the open market structure. More than 15 percent of the requirements of the energy resources in the UK are met with the help of Venezuela. Venezuela has been manufacturing oil for nearly a century under the OPEC founder member. There has also been a shift in the oil policy that is strictly followed by Venezuela as per the OPEC production quotas (Colgan 2014). Venezuela was established as a socialist management model that grants the state the monopoly of generation under the Electricity Law. In the year 2013, Venezuela tried to establish the law by starting a procedure to use alternative energy resources. A draft plan for the long term development of the renewable energy was developed. The development of the renewable energy will in turn help the UK. In the year 2011, the law of rational and the efficient use of energy specifies that the ministries responsible of housing and energy will equally promote the use of the renewable energy for the use of thermal (Schmid et al. 2016). The Renewable Energy policy in Venezuela The Energy Industries Council or EIC has formed a partnership between the UK Embassy Caracas and Venezuela to organize the renewable energy sources. As a result, the delegates will get the opportunity to be present at the group meetings which are organized with the major domestic players. Venezuela has the largest renewable energy resources in the world. The country also has the plan to develop the strategic reserves of oil and gas by making a huge investment. In the year 2011, Development Plan for the National Electric System from the year 2013-2019 was initiated by Venezuela. This will lead to the development of the renewable energy resources as a long-term (from the year 2014-2033) as well as the medium-term (from the year 2013-2019) goal (Podobnik 2015). The development plan sets a target of 613 MW out of which 500MW will be from wind power. In the year 2001, the law of electricity led to the generation of electricity by the self-governing producers. According to this law, Venezuela needs to consider the competence and the use of the renewable energy in the stipulation of electric service. In the year 2011, the development plan for the electric system was developed for the year 2019. It aims to astonish the communities farther than 70 km from the grid with the renewable energy. The renewable energy policy also includes the sowing light that was initiated in the year 2005. The aim of the sowing light is to provide energy and water services in the distant areas with the help of the solar PV as well as the hybrid systems. With the help of the program, ten network renewable energy services have been established (Al-Saggaf 2015). Conclusion It has been concluded that Venezuela has been manufacturing oil for nearly a century under the OPEC founder member. Venezuela has an unexpected endowment of resource that offers chief opportunities to the country. According to the report, Venezuela was established as a socialist management model that grants the state the monopoly of generation under the Electricity Law. The renewable energy project in Venezuela can be described in terms of the probable impact on the environment. Under the renewable energy policies in the UK, a number of remarkable changes in the renewable energy policy instruments in the UK will have an impact on the exploitation level. Venezuela also tried to establish the law by starting a procedure to use alternative energy resources in the year 2013. References Aghaei, J. and Alizadeh, M.I., 2013. Demand response in smart electricity grids equipped with renewable energy sources: A review.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,18, pp.64-72. Al-Saggaf, H.A., 2015, December. Renewable energy and grid integration. In2015 Saudi Arabia Smart Grid (SASG)(pp. 1-8). IEEE. Bunn, D. and Yusupov, T., 2015. The progressive inefficiency of replacing renewable obligation certificates with contracts-for-differences in the UK electricity market.Energy Policy,82, pp.298-309. Cocco, M.J. and Ernandez, J.E., 2014, September. Reservoir Characterization of Junn Area, Orinoco Oil Belt Region, Venezuela. InSPE Heavy and Extra Heavy Oil Conference: Latin America. Society of Petroleum Engineers. Colgan, J.D., 2014. The emperor has no clothes: The limits of OPEC in the global oil market.International Organization,68(03), pp.599-632. Griffin, J.M. and Teece, D.J., 2016.OPEC behaviour and world oil prices. Routledge. Jenner, S., Groba, F. and Indvik, J., 2013. Assessing the strength and effectiveness of renewable electricity feed-in tariffs in European Union countries.Energy Policy,52, pp.385-401. Mansilla, D., 2016. Venezuela and the International Crisis. InLatin America after the Financial Crisis(pp. 193-227). Palgrave Macmillan US. Onifade, T.T., 2016. Hybrid renewable energy support policy in the power sector: The contracts for difference and capacity market case study.Energy Policy,95, pp.390-401. Pietrosemoli, L. and Monroy, C.R., 2013. The impact of sustainable construction and knowledge management on sustainability goals. A review of the Venezuelan renewable energy sector.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,27, pp.683-691. Podobnik, B., 2015. Global energy inequalities: exploring the long-term implications.journal of world-systems research,8(2), pp.252-274. Scheer, H., 2013.The solar economy: Renewable energy for a sustainable global future. Routledge. Schmid, W., Martin, A. and Palacios, J.M., 2016, June. Comprehensive Approach of Reservoir Characterization has Allowed Successful Stimulation of Sandstone Formations in Bachaquero Field-Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. InSPE Trinidad and Tobago Section Energy Resources Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers. Snape, J.R., Boait, P.J. and Rylatt, R.M., 2015. Will domestic consumers take up the renewable heat incentive? An analysis of the barriers to heat pump adoption using agent-based modelling.Energy Policy,85, pp.32-38. Twidell, J. and Weir, T., 2015.Renewable energy resources. Routledge.

Consequences Of The Black Death Essay Example For Students

Consequences Of The Black Death Essay Cantor states that, No one peasant or aristocrat was safe from the disease , and once it was contracted, a horrible and painful death was almost a certainty. The dead and the dying lay in the streets abandoned by frightened friends and relatives 482. This certainly paints an accurate and horrifying picture of the fourteenth century during the plague. The bubonic plague, also known as the Black Death or The Plague, Hindley 103 was one of the major scourges of the Middle Ages. It killed indiscriminately without remorse or thought of consequences. Because the plague was so widespread, theories about causes, blame and a variety of supposed cures abounded. Most of these were without basis or fact and relied on myths and rumors. Theories for the causes and blames came from ignorance and hate, two horrible things married by fear. Some of the cures were not much better than the plague itself. The plague was transmitted to humans by fleas from infected rats that nested in peoples roofs Matthew 154. Fourteenth century man had no concept of how the disease was spread or how it could be stopped. The plague was transmitted to western Europe from China along trade routes Matthew 154. Once the plague had reached the coast of Europe, it was soon transmitted to the countryside through the commercial trade networks Matthew 154. The first cases of the plague occurred in a European colony called Genoa Blum, Cameron and Barnes 38. It was besieged in 1347 by mongols, who flung plague riddled bodies over the walls of Genoa. This was considered an early form of biological warfare Blum, Cameron and Barnes 38. According to Matthews, Experts could do nothing to cure or explain the plague 154. The people of this period had no idea what they were dealing with. Even if they had known what caused the plague, their medical technology was almost nonexistent, so they could not have invented a cure Matthew 154. Though the doctors of the time were unable to cure the disease, or even explain it, they did observe its symptoms and try to supply theories of the plagues cause Matthew 154-5. People were aware that if you came in contact with the sick or their belongings clothing, bedding, etc you would soon be afflicted with the disease Herlihy 353. Medieval man also knew that animals could catch the disease from a persons material possessions Herlihy 353 but they never realized they could catch the plague from animals. There were three main theories about why the plague had stricken an area. The first is a corrupted atmosphere or bad air, the second was the alignment of the planets, and the third the wrath of God Ziegler 3. Some people said there were clouds that carried the plague Ziegler 3-4. Others believed that it was a cloud made from steam that had risen from dead fish Ziegler 4. Some believed that the placement of the planets was the cause of the plague Ziegler 25. The medical department at the University of Paris told Phillip VI in a report in 1348, that the alignment of Saturn, Jupiter and Mars on March 20, 1345 was the cause of the plague Ziegler 25. A popular theory was that the plague was the wrath of God. This was supposedly brought on by sins Bartel 62. Some sins were worse than others such as lust, pride, whoredom Bartel 62. There were also other theories. The Scottish people thought that the English were being punished for the terrible things they had done to the Scots in the past. So the Scots invaded England while it was weak, laughing at their enemies, until they, too, fell prey to the disease Ziegler 159. The Jewish people were also blamed for the spread of the disease. Thousands of Jews were murdered as scapegoats Ziegler 80. Many supposed cures arose in response to the plague. .u25f4ede4a0288c3e49c630b64a342862 , .u25f4ede4a0288c3e49c630b64a342862 .postImageUrl , .u25f4ede4a0288c3e49c630b64a342862 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u25f4ede4a0288c3e49c630b64a342862 , .u25f4ede4a0288c3e49c630b64a342862:hover , .u25f4ede4a0288c3e49c630b64a342862:visited , .u25f4ede4a0288c3e49c630b64a342862:active { border:0!important; } .u25f4ede4a0288c3e49c630b64a342862 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u25f4ede4a0288c3e49c630b64a342862 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u25f4ede4a0288c3e49c630b64a342862:active , .u25f4ede4a0288c3e49c630b64a342862:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u25f4ede4a0288c3e49c630b64a342862 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u25f4ede4a0288c3e49c630b64a342862 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u25f4ede4a0288c3e49c630b64a342862 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u25f4ede4a0288c3e49c630b64a342862 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u25f4ede4a0288c3e49c630b64a342862:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u25f4ede4a0288c3e49c630b64a342862 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u25f4ede4a0288c3e49c630b64a342862 .u25f4ede4a0288c3e49c630b64a342862-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u25f4ede4a0288c3e49c630b64a342862:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Difference Between Life and Breath EssaySome believed that if they lived moderately, consumed the most delicate foods and wines, and abstained from sex, that their resistance to the plague would be higher Herlihy 354. There were others that believed the exact opposite. They believed in heavy drinking, and lots of cheer and singing Herlihy 354 to keep them safe. Still others chose to live their lives at an even keel, not too moderate, not too heavy Herlihy 354. In Rowlings Everyday Life of Medieval travellers, she states that Flight became increasingly one of the commonest means adopted to escape from this dreaded disease 118. People also believed that if you burned fires, with stinkpots filled with various herbs and other natural ingredients, that it would correct the infectious air Bartel 53. Perfumes made from roots and oils was another popular cure that individuals used to clean the air Bartel 54. According to Bartel, an internal cure was to take garlic with, butter, a clove, two or three, according as it shall agree with their bodies 54. Some doctors believed that pure water mixed with a great deal of salt was a cure Bartel 55. Royalty got into the cure game with the Kings Majestys Excellent Receipt for the Plague and a drink for the plague prepared by Lord Bacon, and approved by Queen Elizabeth Bartel 55. There were others called flagellants that walked the roads whipping themselves to ward off the plague Wright 153. The reality according to Herlihy was that, In the cure of these illnesses, neither the advice of a doctor nor the power of any medicine appeared to help and to do any good 353. The Black Death killed about a third of Europes population. The reign of terror lasted for twenty years in the fourteenth century Cantor 477. This horrible disease killed young and old, rich and poor. The plague knew no boundaries. Today we might think that the beliefs of the fourteenth century were barbaric and archaic, but it has only been in the last one hundred years that scientists and doctors have discovered the cause of the bubonic plague. Believing that the plague was caused by bad air, the planets positions or the Jews or that it could be cured with fire or herbs seemed logical to fourteenth century man although it may seem foolish to modern man.